A Bundle Theory of Words

It has been a common assumption that words are substances that instantiate or have properties. In this paper, I question the assumption that our ontology of words requires posting substances by outlining a bundle theory of words, wherein words are bundles of various sorts of properties (such as semantic, phonetic, orthographic, and grammatical properties). I argue that this view can better account for certain phenomena than substance theories, is ontologically more parsimonious, and coheres with claims in linguistics

X-ray Signatures of Circumnuclear Gas in AGN

X-ray spectra of AGN are complex. X-ray absorption and emission features trace gas covering a wide range of column densities and ionization states. High resolution spectra show the absorbing gas to be outflowing, perhaps in the form of an accretion disk wind. The absorbing complex shapes the form of the X-ray spectrum while X-ray reverberation and absorption changes explain the spectral and timing behaviour of AGN. We discuss recent progress, highlighting some new results and reviewing the implications that can be drawn from the data.Comment: Proceedings of the conference "Suzaku 2011, Exploring the X-ray Universe: Suzaku and Beyond

On the problems of measuring transient temperature in cryogenic fluids

Cryogenic sensor errors in measuring transient temperature in cryogenic fluid

Process for making a noble metal on tin oxide catalyst

A quantity of reagent grade tin metal or compound, chloride-free, and high-surface-area silica spheres are placed in deionized water, followed by deaerating the mixture by boiling and adding an oxidizing agent, such as nitric acid. The nitric acid oxidizes the tin to metastannic acid which coats the spheres because the acid is absorbed on the substrate. The metastannic acid becomes tin oxide upon drying and calcining. The tin-oxide coated silica spheres are then placed in water and boiled. A chloride-free precious metal compound in aqueous solution is then added to the mixture containing the spheres, and the precious metal compound is reduced to a precious metal by use of a suitable reducing agent such as formic acid. Very beneficial results were obtained using the precious metal compound tetraammine platinum(II) hydroxide

Geometry and General Relativity in the Groupoid Model with a Finite Structure Group

In a series of papers we proposed a model unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics. The idea was to deduce both general relativity and quantum mechanics from a noncommutative algebra ${\cal A}_{\Gamma}$ defined on a transformation groupoid $\Gamma$ determined by the action of the Lorentz group on the frame bundle $(E, \pi_M, M)$ over space-time $M$. In the present work, we construct a simplified version of the gravitational sector of this model in which the Lorentz group is replaced by a finite group $G$ and the frame bundle is trivial $E=M\times G$. The model is fully computable. We define the Einstein-Hilbert action, with the help of which we derive the generalized vacuum Einstein equations. When the equations are projected to space-time (giving the "general relativistic limit"), the extra terms that appear due to our generalization can be interpreted as "matter terms", as in Kaluza-Klein-type models. To illustrate this effect we further simplify the metric matrix to a block diagonal form, compute for it the generalized Einstein equations and find two of their "Friedmann-like" solutions for the special case when $G =\mathbb{Z}_2$. One of them gives the flat Minkowski space-time (which, however, is not static), another, a hyperbolic, linearly expanding universe.Comment: 32 page

Reference incidence angles in constant stagger cascades

Fortran 4 computer program for design application of stagger angle replacing inlet flow angle for given blade cascad